viewstate decoder github

Isn't it just a base 64 encoded version of the serialized data? I managed to use the TextFormattingRunProperties gadget in YSoSerial.Net to exploit Is the God of a monotheism necessarily omnipotent? @ahwm True story. You can view the source code for all BApp Store extensions on our is not a new attack. Update payload to get reverse shell. its value should cause an error. Get your questions answered in the User Forum. The algorithms can also be selected automatically. See [13] for more details. In order to enable ViewState MAC for a specific page we need to make following changes on a specific aspx file: We can also do it for overall application by setting it on the web.config file as shown below: Now, lets say MAC has been enabled for ViewState and due to vulnerabilities like local file reads, XXE etc we get access to the web.config file with configurations like validation key and algorithm as shown above, we can make use of ysoserial.net and generate payloads by providing the validation key and algorithm as parameters. decryption keys and algorithms within the machineKey This serialized data is then saved into a file. is used directly in the code for example by using Request.Form["txtMyInput"] Supports ASP.NET ViewStateDecoder. validation feature has been disabled otherwise it would have suppressed the MAC here: Apart from using different gadgets, it is possible to use in the web.config file. Upgrade the ASP.NET framework so that MAC validation can not be disabled.2. However, we can see below that the payload got executed and a file test.txt with content 123 was created successfully. [1] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.losformatter, [2] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.objectstateformatter, [3] https://devblogs.microsoft.com/aspnet/farewell-enableviewstatemac/, [4] https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Anti_CSRF_Tokens_ASP.NET, [5] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/aspnet/hh975440(v=vs.120), [6] https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/Util/AppSettings.cs#L59, [7] https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/UI/Page.cs#L4034, [8] https://www.troyhunt.com/understanding-and-testing-for-view/, [9] https://portswigger.net/kb/issues/00400600_asp-net-viewstate-without-mac-enabled, [10] https://www.netsparker.com/web-vulnerability-scanner/vulnerabilities/viewstate-mac-disabled/, [11] https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/view-state-mac-disabled/, [12] https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/, [13] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection, [14] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection.compatibilitymode, [15] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.control.templatesourcedirectory, [16] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/articles/ms972969(v=msdn.10), [17] https://software-security.sans.org/developer-how-to/developer-guide-csrf, [18] https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/master/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, [19] https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/v2/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, [20] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/get-started/planning-your-iis-architecture/understanding-sites-applications-and-virtual-directories-on-iis, [21] https://github.com/nccgroup/VulnerableDotNetHTTPRemoting/tree/master/ysoserial.net-v2, [22] https://www.nccgroup.trust/uk/about-us/newsroom-and-events/blogs/2019/march/finding-and-exploiting-.net-remoting-over-http-using-deserialisation/, [23] https://www.slideshare.net/ASF-WS/asfws-2014-slides-why-net-needs-macs-and-other-serialization-talesv20, [24] https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Forshaw/BH_US_12_Forshaw_Are_You_My_Type_Slides.pdf, [25] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/SecurityAdvisories/2013/2905247, [26] https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-17/thursday/us-17-Munoz-Friday-The-13th-JSON-Attacks-wp.pdf, [27] https://www.slideshare.net/MSbluehat/dangerous-contents-securing-net-deserialization, [28] https://speakerdeck.com/pwntester/dot-net-serialization-detecting-and-defending-vulnerable-endpoints?slide=54, [29] https://vimeopro.com/user18478112/canvas/video/260982761, [30] https://web.archive.org/web/20190803165724/https://pwnies.com/nominations/, Danger of Stealing Auto Generated .NET Machine Keys, IIS Application vs. Folder Detection During Blackbox Testing, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.losformatter, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.objectstateformatter, https://devblogs.microsoft.com/aspnet/farewell-enableviewstatemac/, https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Anti_CSRF_Tokens_ASP.NET, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/aspnet/hh975440(v=vs.120), https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/Util/AppSettings.cs#L59, https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/UI/Page.cs#L4034, https://www.troyhunt.com/understanding-and-testing-for-view/, https://portswigger.net/kb/issues/00400600_asp-net-viewstate-without-mac-enabled, https://www.netsparker.com/web-vulnerability-scanner/vulnerabilities/viewstate-mac-disabled/, https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/view-state-mac-disabled/, https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection.compatibilitymode, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.control.templatesourcedirectory, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/articles/ms972969(v=msdn.10), https://software-security.sans.org/developer-how-to/developer-guide-csrf, https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/master/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/v2/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/get-started/planning-your-iis-architecture/understanding-sites-applications-and-virtual-directories-on-iis, https://github.com/nccgroup/VulnerableDotNetHTTPRemoting/tree/master/ysoserial.net-v2, https://www.nccgroup.trust/uk/about-us/newsroom-and-events/blogs/2019/march/finding-and-exploiting-.net-remoting-over-http-using-deserialisation/, https://www.slideshare.net/ASF-WS/asfws-2014-slides-why-net-needs-macs-and-other-serialization-talesv20, https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Forshaw/BH_US_12_Forshaw_Are_You_My_Type_Slides.pdf, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/SecurityAdvisories/2013/2905247, https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-17/thursday/us-17-Munoz-Friday-The-13th-JSON-Attacks-wp.pdf, https://www.slideshare.net/MSbluehat/dangerous-contents-securing-net-deserialization, https://speakerdeck.com/pwntester/dot-net-serialization-detecting-and-defending-vulnerable-endpoints?slide=54, https://vimeopro.com/user18478112/canvas/video/260982761, https://web.archive.org/web/20190803165724/https://pwnies.com/nominations/. possible to send an unencrypted ViewStated by removing the __VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED Will Gnome 43 be included in the upgrades of 22.04 Jammy? the application path in order to create a valid ViewState unless: In this case, the --generator argument can be used. an example: It should be noted that when a machineKey section has not been defined within the configuration files or when the validationKey and decryptionKey attributes have been set to AutoGenerate, the application generates the required values dynamically based on a cryptographically random secret. GitHub page. Professional Here, we are required to pass another parameter to the ysoserial ViewState generator as below: Below is the back-end code we used to demonstrate this example: What should a developer do for prevention of such an exploitation?1. Any official documents would be gladly accepted to help improve the parsing logic. Generate a payload with ysoserial that will ping my host, and the known good ViewState with that in the script. + ClientID + __hidden, P3 in P1|P2|P3|P4 in Actively maintained by a dedicated international team of volunteers. parameter is used. It supports the main and v2 branches ([18], [19]). handle the serialization format used by .NET version 1 because that figure 1). The "ViewState" of a page is by default, stored in a hidden form field in the web page named javax.faces.ViewState. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Viewstate is a method used in the ASP.NET framework to persist changes to a web form across postbacks. Although this is not ideal, it was tested on an outdated Windows 2003 box that had the following packages installed which is very common: It is also possible to send the __VIEWSTATE The world's #1 web penetration testing toolkit. It seems that he had used James Forshaws research [24] to forge his exploit and reported it to Microsoft in September 2012. the __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR parameter instead of providing ZAP. Lets use this generated payload with the ViewState value as shown below: We receive an error once the request is processed. whether or not the ViewState has been encrypted by finding the __VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED Different Types of View-state .Net - ___Viewstate; JSF - javax.faces.Viewstate; Flow of JSF ViewState. Viewstate is a method used in the ASP.NET framework to persist changes to a web form across postbacks. I'm guessing something has changed - the textbox at the bottom left is a command prompt of some kind, and pasting in viewstate does nothing useful. There are two main ways to use this package. Hi, In recent versions of Burp (As of v2020-03), the ViewState parser seems missing from the message editor view. [webapps] pfBlockerNG 2.1.4_26 - Remote Code Execution (RCE), [remote] MSNSwitch Firmware MNT.2408 - Remote Code Execution, [remote] AVEVA InTouch Access Anywhere Secure Gateway 2020 R2 - Path Traversal, [local] IOTransfer V4 - Unquoted Service Path, [webapps] CVAT 2.0 - Server Side Request Forgery, WebForms.HiddenFieldPageStatePersister.ClientState, WebForms.ClientScriptManager.EventValidation, P2 in P1|P2 in __dv The Burp Suite Extender can be loaded by following the steps below. For ASP.NET framework 4.5, we need to supply the decryption algorithm and the decryption key to the ysoserial payload generator as follows: The path and apppath parameters above can be decided with the help of a little debugging. It shows a tree view of the structure and provides an editor for viewing & editing the contents. The view state is the state of the page and all its controls. The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. The ViewState is basically generated by the server and is sent back to the client in the form of a hidden form field _VIEWSTATE for POST action requests. All Rights Reserved. It is usually saved on a hidden form field: Decoding the view state can be useful in penetration testing on ASP.NET applications, as well as revealing more information that can be used to efficiently scrape web pages. That makes sense why it wouldn't work for me but there were posts and posts about how to decode it. ASP.NET makes use of LosFormatter to serialize the viewstate and send it to the client as the hidden form field. Unit tests and code formatting tasks can be run with the builtin scripts: For PyPI releases, follow the build, check and upload scripts. exists in the request with invalid data, the application does not deserialise parameter in the request (it does not need to have any value). ViewState Editor is an extension that allows you to view and edit the structure and contents of V1.1 and V2.0 ASP view state data. Donate today! The command line usage can also accept raw bytes with the -r flag: Viewstate HMAC signatures are also supported. It is possible to decode the value of ViewState from the command line. Please do not ask PortSwigger about problems, etc. Exploiting a deserialisation issue via __EVENTVALIDATION is more restricted and requires: Value valid ViewState can be forged. This behaviour changes when the ViewStateUserKey property is used, as ASP.NET will not suppress the MAC validation errors anymore. In the case . Developer's common vision of a ViewState is a large hidden HTML field (see. As a result, knowing the targeted applications framework version is important to create a valid payload. As the __PREVIOUSPAGE parameter is From the technical point of view, state space models and the Kalman filter play a key role in the . example: If the target page responds with an error, the MAC Any disclosed validation or decryption keys need to be application. property to Auto or Never always use I need to copy & paste the viewstate string and see what's inside. The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. 2. https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net, 3. https://www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-viewstate-deserialization-using-blacklist3r-and-ysoserial-net/, 4. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/asp.net/asp.net_managing_state.htm, 5. https://odetocode.com/blogs/scott/archive/2006/03/20/asp-net-event-validation-and-invalid-callback-or-postback-argument.aspx, 6. https://blogs.objectsharp.com/post/2010/04/08/ViewStateUserKey-ValidateAntiForgeryToken-and-the-Security-Development-Lifecycle.aspx, void Page_Init (object sender, EventArgs e), <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="TestComment.aspx.cs" Inherits="TestComment" %>, public partial class TestComment : System.Web.UI.Page, protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e). Is there any tool which allows easy viewing of variables stored in viewstate in a nice formatted manner? The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. caused by using this tool. argument can be used to check whether the plugin also calculates the same __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR parameter when the --path and --apppath arguments have However, as the ViewState do not use the MAC ASP.NET does not show the MAC validation error by default when an invalid __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR parameter is used. +1 Many Thanks!! Here, the parameter p stands for the plugins, g for gadgets, c for command to be run on the server, validationkey and validationalg being the value taken from the web.config. Click [Select file ] and select BigIPDiscover.jar. Here is the source code for a ViewState visualizer from Scott Mitchell's article on ViewState (25 pages), And here's a simple page to read the viewstate from a textbox and graph it using the above code. YSoSerial.Net, the target ASP.NET page always responds with an error even when The ObjectStateFormatter class [2] performs the signing, encryption, and verification tasks. Before December 2013 when most of us did not know about the danger of remote code execution via deserialisation issues in ViewState, the main impacts of disabling the MAC validation were as follows (see [8]): At the time of writing this blog post, the following well Are you sure you want to create this branch? Do not paste a machineKey found online in your applications web.config. pip install viewstate This information is then put into the view state hidden . An example. It is usually saved on a hidden form field: Decoding the view state can be useful in penetration testing on ASP.NET applications, as well as revealing more information that can be used to efficiently scrape web pages. The ViewState parameter is a base64 serialised parameter that is normally sent via a hidden parameter called __VIEWSTATE with a POST request. Note that for uploading a new package version, a valid PyPI auth token should be defined in ~/.pypirc. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: g-trapper.com G-Trapper & Partners - Eventi Pellegrinaggi e Allestimenti Expand the selected tree. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. It does look like you have an old version; the serialisation methods changed in ASP.NET 2.0, so grab the 2.0 version. Building requires a BurpExtensionCommons library. Invalid ViewState ViewStateDecoder. in .NET Framework: The table above shows all input parameters that could be targeted. viewstate is a decoder and encoder for ASP .Net viewstate data. These parameters can be extracted from the URL. Gadgets: Classes that may allow execution of code when an untrusted data is processed by them. By Posted total war: warhammer 2 dark elves guide 2021 In mobile homes for rent in oakland, maine Level up your hacking and earn more bug bounties. is required. The following machineKey section shows gadget can be changed to: Knowledge of used validation and @Rap In .NET 4.5 I cannot simply base64 decode it. FieldInfo fi = typeof(MulticastDelegate).GetField(_invocationList, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance); invoke_list[1] = new Func(Process.Start); MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(); //Serialization using LOSFormatter starts here, protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e). In the past, it was possible to disable the MAC validation simply by setting the enableViewStateMac property to False.Microsoft released a patch in September 2014 to enforce the MAC validation by ignoring this property in all versions of .NET Framework. However, when the ViewStateUserKey First, it can be used as an imported library with the following typical use case: It is also possible to feed the raw bytes directly: Alternatively, the library can be used via command line by directly executing the module: Which will pretty-print the decoded data structure. Fig.1: ViewState in action From a more technical point of view, the ViewState is much more than bandwidth-intensive content. in the web.config file. If so, how close was it? The other two answerers did the same thing and only posted the link. The enterprise-enabled dynamic web vulnerability scanner. Accelerate penetration testing - find more bugs, more quickly. You are correct. Debug Android Emulators Lets create our payload using ysoserial.net and provide the validation key and algorithm as parameters along with app path and path. ASP.NET ViewState Decoder. yuvadm/viewstate. It's a base64 encoded serialised object, so the decoded data is not particularly useful. "PyPI", "Python Package Index", and the blocks logos are registered trademarks of the Python Software Foundation. Ensure that the MAC validation is enabled. This tool developed by my own personal use, PortSwigger company is not related at all. Would it be possible to re-enable this feature in a future release? The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. The following machineKey section shows an example that chooses .NET Framework version 4.5 or above (also see [14]): In older versions (prior to 4.5), .NET Framework uses the TemplateSourceDirectory property [15] when signing a serialised object. will try to verify and publish it when I can. ASP.NETViewstate. It seems ViewState is encrypted by default since version 4.5 even when the viewStateEncryptionMode property has been set to . exploiting .NET Framework 4.0 and below (tested on v2.0 through v4.0) even when Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvc76634. You need to include a reference to "System.Web" in your project if you paste this into a console application. I would like to thank Subodh Pandey for contributing to this blog post and the study without which I could not have had an in-depth insight on this topic.. Before getting started with ViewState deserialization, let's go through some key terms associated with ViewState and its exploitation. I might have missed some parts of the history here so please First, it can be used as an imported library with the following typical use case: We wrote a sample code to create a serialized input using LOSFormatter when the application loads. could use trial and error to test all the directory names in the URL one by one the __VIEWSTATE If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. With other decoders, I keep getting decoding errors. One may assume that if ViewState is not present, their implementation is secure from any potential vulnerabilities arising with ViewState deserialization. Here, we have created a single page web application which will simply accept user input in a text area and display it on the same page on a button click. After all, ASP.net needs to decrypt it, and that is certainly not a black box. 4.5 or above, Performing cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, The application uses .NET Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? Viewgen is a ViewState tool capable of generating both signed and encrypted payloads with leaked validation keys, viewgen is a ViewState tool capable of generating both signed and encrypted payloads with leaked validation keys or web.config files, pip3 install --user --upgrade -r requirements.txt or ./install.sh, docker build -t viewgen . useful to bypass some WAFs when ViewState chunking is allowed. This can be done by disabling the MAC validation and I just wrote a small tool to easily decode ASP.NET __VIEWSTATE variables without having to install the viewstate module into the system with administrative privileges and be able to decode the variables with a small script using a terminal, without writting python code. whilst performing a major part of this research. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Note that the value of __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR is 75BBA7D6 at the moment. Failed to load latest commit information. It was then possible to use the YSoSerial.Net project [12] to create the LosFormatter class payloads. Once the serialized viewstate is sent back to the server during a POST request, it gets deserialized using ObjectStateFormatter. Below we can see that the test.txt file has been created in the Temp directory: This is a simple simulation showcasing how the ViewState Serialization and deserialization would work in a web application during postback action. Copy and include the following information if relevant. This has been the first way that actually works for me. The above test case works even when it is not possible to That wasn't true when I wrote my comment 16 months ago, but it is now. You can view the data in either Text or Hex form. bypass any WAFs though. choice for an attacker. known web application scanners had rated the ASP.NET ViewState without MAC Kudos to NCC Group and my colleagues for their support The command would be now: Note that we are also required to URL encode the generated payload, to be able to use it in our example. ASP.NET only checks the presence of the __VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED parameter in the request. of course, you are correct. The following table shows Download FREE Trial There are two main ways to use this package. . Are you sure you want to create this branch? However, that is not the case. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. This one worked for me in Firefox even when other viewstate parsers did not. My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? There are two main ways to use this package. of the __VIEWSTATE It shows a tree view of the structure and provides an editor for viewing & editing the contents. As you can set the machine keys (for validation and decryption) to a known value in web.config you could then use this to decrypt manually if necessary. deserialising untrusted data. property has been set to Always. First install that: pip install viewstate. I looked for a viewstate decoder, found Fridz Onion's ViewState Decoder but it asks for the url of a page to get its viewstate. Since my viewstate is formed after a postback and comes as a result of an operation in an update panel, I cannot provide a url. 2ASP.NET . Some features may not work without JavaScript. For instance, the xaml_payload variable in the TextFormattingRunProperties CASE 3: Target framework 4.0 (ViewState Mac is enabled): We can enable the ViewState MAC by making changes either in the specific page or the overall application. This post has been nominated in the pwnie for most under-hyped research category in 2019 pwnie awards [30]! Modifying other gadgets can be useful if a shorter payload ASP.NET has various serializing and deserializing libraries known as formatters, which serializes and deserializes objects to byte-stream and vice-versa like ObjectStateFormatter, LOSFormatter, BinaryFormatter etc. The CSRF attack can be achieved by Before I go into details, first need to know what is view state. ViewState has been hidden in Burp suite since v2020.3. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Not the answer you're looking for? A GitHub Top 1000 project. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: elclandeloscolgados.com Welcome to El Clan - El Clan de los Colgados %El Clan de los Colgados ready made graham cracker crust recipes / ac valhalla ciara romance consequences / viewstate decoder github. We will enter the value 'I Love' and 'Dotnetcurry.com' respectively in the two textboxes. In brief, ViewState is a Base64 encoded string and is not readable by the human eye. since September 2014. . The way .NET Framework signs and encrypts the serialised objects has been updated since version 4.5. Additional kudos to Alvaro Muoz for his support by giving Blacklist3r is used to identify the use of pre-shared (pre-published) keys in the application for encryption and decryption of forms authentication cookie, ViewState, etc. Browser Headers Viewer, Knowledge Base The decryptionKey and its algorithm are not required Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. the paths: It uses the ActivitySurrogateSelector gadget by default ASP.NET View State Decoder. I meant that if it's encrypted, you won't be able to decode it. __gv + ClientID + __hidden, P4 in P1|P2|P3|P4 in Right-click the data in the message editor and select Send to Decoder. parameter should be in the body of the request. This worked on an input on which the Ignatu decoder failed with "The serialized data is invalid" (although it leaves the BinaryFormatter-serialized data undecoded, showing only its length). even when the viewStateEncryptionMode property has been set to Never. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? There's more to it than that. [Decode] Button be all in lowercase or uppercase automatically. A small Python 3.5+ library for decoding ASP.NET viewstate. The following URL shows an Developed and maintained by the Python community, for the Python community. property is used: This different behaviour can make the automated testing using ASP.Net: Why aren't the changes I make to Viewstate in a control event available to subsequent postbacks? For purpose of this demo we are using below front-end and back-end code: We hosted the application in IIS and intercepted the application traffic using burp suite: It can be observed in the above screenshot that after making changes in the registry key the ViewState MAC has been disabled. 4. If one removes this parameter, and sends the unencrypted payload, it will still be processed. is required to check whether the MAC validation is disabled when the __VIEWSTATE Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. been provided. How do you ensure that a red herring doesn't violate Chekhov's gun? Inputs: data: Single line of base64 encoded viewstate. viewstate will also show any hash applied to the viewstate data. Prior to .NET 4.5, ASP.NET can accept an unencrypted __VIEWSTATE parameter from the users even if ViewStateEncryptionMode has been set to Always. lorraine hansberry biography pdf, ethos in pericles funeral oration,

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